{"id":8845,"date":"1996-11-01T14:26:12","date_gmt":"1996-11-01T14:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/resources\/johannesburg-principles-national-security-freedom-expression-access-information\/"},"modified":"2020-11-05T16:09:08","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T16:09:08","slug":"johannesburg-principles-national-security-freedom-expression-access-information","status":"publish","type":"resources","link":"https:\/\/www.article19.org\/es\/resources\/johannesburg-principles-national-security-freedom-expression-access-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Johannesburg Principles on national security, freedom of expression and access to information"},"content":{"rendered":"

These Principles were adopted on 1 October 1995 by a group of experts in\u00a0international law, national security, and human rights convened by ARTICLE 19 in collaboration with the Centre for Applied\u00a0Legal Studies of the University of the Witwatersrand, in Johannesburg.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Principles are based on international and regional law and standards relating to\u00a0the protection of human rights, evolving state practice (as reflect-ed, inter alia, in\u00a0judgments of national courts), and the general principles of law recognized by the\u00a0community of nations.<\/p>\n

These Principles acknowledge the enduring applicability of the Siracusa Principles on\u00a0the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and\u00a0Political Rights and the Paris Minimum Standards of Human Rights Norms In a State\u00a0of Emergency.<\/p>\n