 |
English |
عربي |
Español |
Français |
Русский |
Português
 | |
 | Publications :
Law :
Legal Analyses The following is a comprehensive overview of analyses of draft and existing legislation from around the world prepared by the Law Programme's Media Law Analysis Unit. Refine your view by: Region: Africa - Asia - Europe - Latin America - Middle East Theme: Defamation - Discrimination - Freedom of Information - Media Law - Security Issues Note: A number of our legal analyses have been translated into local languages. To access these translations, follow the links to the relevant language from the main publications page. Joint submission by ARTICLE 19, SUPRO, Mass Line Media (MMC) and Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) providing an analysis of Bangladesh’s (Draft) Right to Information Ordinance 2008. 3 Apr 2008 Joint breifing note outlining the seven main outstanding concerns with the draft European Convention on Access to Official Documents. 3 Mar 2008 Statement on the draft Act on Periodic Press and Agency News Service and the Amendment and the extent to which it meets international standards on freedom of expression. 15 Feb 2008 Joint legal analysis by ARTICLE 19, the Federation of Nepali Journalists and Freedom Forum of Nepal’s Right to Information Act based on international law and best practice in the field of freedom of information. 1 Feb 2008 Note summarising ARTICLE 19’s main comments on the draft Somali Media Law (draft Law), approved by the Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (TFP) on 1 December 2007. 11 Jan 2008 Comments on the existing Public Information Policy (PIP) of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). 30 Dec 2007 Report, entitled "The Mechanics of Censorship", analysing the print media legislation of the People's Republic of China against international standards on freedom of expression. 14 Nov 2007 Memorandum on the Draft Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Defamation against international standards.
4 Oct 2007 Joint submission from ARTICLE 19 and the Centre for Policy Alternatives to the Sri Lanka Ministry of Mass Media and Information on the proposed National Media Policy. 14 Sep 2007 An analysis of the draft Chilean access to government held information bill against international standards. 7 Aug 2007 Response by ARTICLE 19 to the European Union's Green Paper on the review of Regulation 1049/2001, on public access to documents.
31 Jul 2007 Submission to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on International Standards on Broadcast Regulation. 17 Jul 2007 Memorandum examining the draft Thai Public Service Broadcasting Service Agency Act in the light of international standards. 17 Jul 2007 Memorandum on a set of four draft laws for Sudan: a draft freedom of information law, a draft public service broadcasting law, a draft law setting up a broadcast regulator and a draft law to regulate the print media. 15 Jul 2007 Second briefing by ARTICLE 19 and two other NGOs with observer status on the Council of Europe's Group of Specialists on Access to Official Documents, containing recommendations and comparative background material for the drafting of a treaty in the area of access to information. 30 Jun 2007 Submission to the UK Department for Constitutional Affairs (now the Ministry of Justice) in response to the consultation on the Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007. 18 Jun 2007 Comments on freedom of expression in Sudan, in the context of the consideration by the United Nations Human Rights Committee of the Third Periodic Report of Sudan on the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 15 Jun 2007 Note discussing the need for a new mechanism to ensure respect for the right to freedom of expression, as guaranteed under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and providing suggestions on potential working methods and the relationship with existing mechanisms. 11 Jun 2007 Memorandum providing ARTICLE 19’s main comments and recommendations on the draft Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro (draft Constitution), inasmuch as it affects the right to freedom of expression and information. 10 May 2007 Notes on the Draft Media Law of Somalia. The notes recommend revision of the draft law to meet international standards and best practice. 10 May 2007 Note summarising ARTICLE 19’s main comments on the draft Measure for Public Environmental Participation. The note focuses on the provisions in the Measures that relate to the disclosure of information. 2 May 2007 Memorandum on the Preliminary Draft Inter-American Convention Against Racism and all forms of Discrimination and Intolerance. 10 Apr 2007 Memorandum on the draft Computer-Related Offences Commission Act currently being developed by the Thai authorities.
5 Apr 2007 Submission to the UK Department for Constitutional Affairs in response to the consultation on the Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection
(Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007. 15 Mar 2007 Note summarising ARTICLE 19's principal concerns with the Draft Broadcasting Bill of the Maldives. 9 Mar 2007 A comment on the freedom of expression and information provisions in the 2007 Interim Constitution of Nepal. Also available in Nepali at http://www.article19.org/pdfs/analysis/nepal-interim-constitution-nepali.pdf 5 Mar 2007 Memorandum analysing the 1965 Broadcasting Authority Law against international standards on freedom of expression and public service broadcasting. 16 Feb 2007 Submission to the UK Constitutional Affairs Committee on the Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007. 15 Feb 2007 Legal analysis of Kazakhstan's draft 2006 Law 'On Publishing'. 15 Jan 2007 Briefing Note by the Global Transparency Initiative which sets out the views of the Global Transparency Initiative (GTI) on the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Public Information Policy. 6 Dec 2006 Analysis of Nepal's draft Right to Information Bill – 2063 against international standards in the area of access to information. 1 Dec 2006 Analysis of the draft Media Bill for the Cook Islands, proposed in November 2006. 17 Nov 2006 Briefing by ARTICLE 19 and two other NGOs with observer status on the Council of Europe's Group of Specialists on Access to Official Documents, containing recommendations and comparative background material for the drafting of a treaty in the area of access to information. 10 Nov 2006 Memorandum analysing the draft Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on Access to Information against international standards. 27 Oct 2006 Memorandum on the draft Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Defamation, which seeks to decriminalise defamation and further bring Azeri law into line with international standards. 10 Oct 2006 Memorandum analysing the Irish draft Defamation and Privacy Bills against international standards. 29 Sep 2006 Memorandum analysing Kazakhstan’s Law on Mass Media, as amended in July 2006. 28 Sep 2006 Statement of Support for a set of regulations drafted by Armenia's FOI Center to implement the Freedom of Information Law. 25 Sep 2006 Memorandum on the draft law of Abkhazia on the right of access to information, prepared under the leadership of a group of Abkhazian NGOs. 15 Sep 2006 This Submission sets out the observations and recommendations of the International Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression Mission to Nepal to the High Level Media Commission. 15 Sep 2006 Submission analysing the proposed Fijian Broadcast Licensing Bill 2006, No. 10 of 2006 (the Bill), and providing recommendations for reform throughout. 25 Aug 2006 Comments on the draft Code of Conduct for Georgian broadcasters, offering recommendations on how to improve the structure of the code and make it more user-friendly. 25 Aug 2006 Memorandum on the Defamation Bill for the Republic of the Maldives. 18 Jul 2006 Memorandum on the draft Communications Bill of Namibia, assessing the proposed legislation against international standards. 14 Jul 2006 Summary of concerns with regard to proposed amendments to Kazakhstan's media laws. 7 Jul 2006 Recommendations on Moldova’s draft law to promote participation and transparency in the decision making of public authorities. 15 Jun 2006 Joint statement from ARTICLE 19 and Amnesty International concerning the proposed amendments to Decree No. 18 of the year 1973 of Public Meetings, Processions and Gatherings. 15 Jun 2006 Memorandum on the draft law to give the right of access to information in the Cayman Islands. 22 May 2006 Comment comparing the draft Law on Freedom of Information of Mongolia to international law and standards. 15 May 2006 Memorandum analysing the Maldives Freedom of Press Bill against international standards on freedom of expression. 9 May 2006 Article by Toby Mendel, ARTICLE 19 Law Programme Director, and Dr. Ali Khashan on the legal framework for media in Palestine. This article was originally published in This Week in Palestine (www.thisweekinpalestine.com). 2 May 2006 Memorandum analysing the legal framework regulating the media in Iran against international standards on freedom of expression. 2 May 2006 Evidence given by ARTICLE 19 to the ICJ Eminent Jurists Panel on freedom of expression and UK anti-terror law and practice. 24 Apr 2006 Memorandum analysing the draft Audiovisual Code of Moldova, which seeks to regulate both private and public service broadcasting. 18 Apr 2006 Submission to the Australian Law Reform Commission on its review of the 'sedition' provisions enacted in November 2005. 10 Apr 2006 Draft Broadcasting Bill for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption. 7 Apr 2006 Draft Freedom of Information Bill for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption. 7 Apr 2006 Draft Media Policy Framework for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption. 7 Apr 2006 Draft Media Policy Framework for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption. 7 Apr 2006 Draft Public Service Broadcasting Bill for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption. 7 Apr 2006 Submission to the Committee on the Review of Public Service Broadcasting in Hong Kong, recommending that Radio Television Hong Kong be reestablished as an independent broadcaster, governed by a board that represents the people of Hong Kong. 3 Apr 2006 Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns at the proposal of a statutory media council in Kenya, as outlined in the Media Council of Kenya Bill. 24 Mar 2006 Memorandum analysing the Audiovisual Media Law (Provisional Law No. 71, 2002). 16 Mar 2006 Submission to the 2006 review of the definition of terrorism in UK law. 10 Mar 2006 Recommendations on how to strengthen the constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression (also available in Arabic through our Arabic publications page). 9 Feb 2006 Concise overview outlining twelve main concerns with respect to the December 2005 proposal for the 'Law on Free Access to Information of a Public Character.' 10 Jan 2006 Statement on Google's decision to cooperate with the authorities in censoring the Chinese version of its search engine. 5 Jan 2006 Briefing on The Communications Bill (House of Lords Report Stage)
Amendment to Preserve Media Plurality. 19 Dec 2005 Comments on the draft Palestinian Law on National Council for Audiovisual. 19 Dec 2005 Memorandum on Jordan's draft law on Guarantee of Access to Information. 15 Dec 2005 Statement of support on Sierra Leon's draft Access to Information Bill. 15 Dec 2005 Memorandum on Jordan's Protection of State Secrets and Documents Provisional Law No. (50) 13 Dec 2005 Note on the proposed draft freedom of information bill of Sierra Leone. 13 Dec 2005 Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns with Clause 1 of the United Kingdom's Terrorism Bill, 'Encouragement of Terrorism.' 5 Dec 2005 Support for a proposal to abolish a criminal defamation provision that protects public officials put forth by a coalition of non-government organisations. 1 Dec 2005 Commentary on the exceptions regime in the International Financial Corporation's draft Policy on Disclosure of Information. 15 Nov 2005 Memorandum analysing the Bank's Public Disclosure Policy (Draft II) for consistency with international and European standards regarding freedom of expression and the related right to information. 14 Nov 2005 Note commenting on proposed amendments to the Law on Mass Communication. 1 Nov 2005 Memorandum analysing the draft Bill on Freedom of Information at the request of the Association of Investigative Journalists. 1 Nov 2005 Statement on clause 1 of the draft Terrorism Bill of the United Kingdom. 15 Oct 2005 Note on Kosovo's draft Law on Protection from Defamation
and Insult of Kosovo. 15 Oct 2005 Comments on the Liberian draft 'Law and Policy Providing for the Establishment of the National Public Broadcasting Service'. 15 Oct 2005 Memorandum on the Ordinance Amending Some of the NepalAct Relating to the Media, 2062 (2005). 15 Oct 2005 Commentary on a set of regulations issued by Kazakhstan's Agency for Information and Communication regarding the allocation of .kz domain names. 15 Oct 2005 Statement on Clause 1 of the draft Terrorism Bill of the United Kingdom 14 Oct 2005 Memorandum analysing the Home Office's List of Unacceptable Behaviors as an inappropriate response to 'terrorist' threats. 6 Oct 2005 Note examining relations between courts and media in response to a discussion paper produced by a joint committee of media and judicial representatives. 1 Oct 2005 A summary of concerns regarding the Kyrgyz defamation law, the Kyrgyz Media Law and the Law on Journalists Activities 15 Sep 2005 Memorandum on Kyrgyz Mass Media Law and the Law on Journalists' Activities. 15 Sep 2005 Memorandum on the Laws of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan relating to the Protection of Reputation. 15 Sep 2005 Memorandum analysing the draft 'Press and Publication Law' for the year 2004. 15 Sep 2005 Statement that focuses on constitutional amendments relating to censhorship and the freedom of expression. 1 Sep 2005 Constitutional drafting provisions on freedom of expression based on international and comparative standards (also available in Arabic through our Arabic publications page). 17 Aug 2005 Response to Home Office consultation on exclusion or deportation from the UK on non-conducive grounds. 15 Aug 2005 Memorandum on the draft Law on Public Service Broadcasting Organisations and a draft Law on Radio and Television in Latvia. 15 Aug 2005 Memorandum on the draft Public Service Broadcasting Law for
Ukraine. 15 Aug 2005 Memorandum on the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat's draft Information Disclosure Policy. 15 Aug 2005 Memorandum analysing two drafts of the Press and Publications Law (also available in Arabic through our Arabic publications page). 15 Aug 2005 Memorandum analysing the draft Public Service Broadcasting Law received in December 2003. 1 Aug 2005 Note on the Global Transparency Initiative's call on the European Investment Bank to bring its new information disclosure policy in line with international standards and best practice. 6 Jul 2005 Study to inform and stimulate debate around the new Iraqi constitutional provisions on freedom of expression. 1 Jul 2005 Memorandum analysing two drafts of the Argentinian Access to Public Information Law, one prepared by the Senate (Senate Law) and one by the Deputies Chamber (Deputies Law). 1 Jul 2005 Note analysing the draft law prepared by the Mozambican branch of the Media Institute of South Africa, detailing the absence of elements crucial to a good freedom of information law. 1 Jun 2005 Memorandum analysing the proposal for a draft law on access to information, including suggestions for improvement to increase transparency and accountability in public life. 29 May 2005 Recommendations urged to bring the current draft law on free access to information into compliance with comparative standards and best international practice. 15 May 2005 Comments on the talking points and suggestions drawn up by the OSCE Mission to Montenegro and Council of Europe after a roundtable on the freedom of information law. 15 May 2005 Note focusing on the proposed changes to the management structure of RTV Slovenia and related issues. 15 May 2005 Recommended amendments to the draft 'Law on Free Access to Public Information' (2005). 1 May 2005 Guide providing commentary on the recently enacted 'Law of Georgia on Freedom of Speech and Expression.' 15 Apr 2005 Memorandum suggesting the inclusion of key principles of the general right to freedom of information in the official draft Law on Obtaining Information. 12 Apr 2005 Note critiquing the most recent draft law on free access to information with regard to its representing a significant step backward from previous drafts (March 2005). 15 Mar 2005 Brief note assessing the extent to which the imposition of licence requirements on the use of wireless communications devices is consistent with international human rights law. 1 Mar 2005 Memorandum analysing the revised draft “Law on the Independent Media Commission and Broadcasting.” 15 Feb 2005 Statement outlining concerns in relation to the legal provisions for the coverage of the 6 March 2005 parliamentary elections. 15 Feb 2005 Note incorporating comments on changes to the draft law, 'On Television and Radio Broadcasting,' and analyzing the current draft. 1 Dec 2004 Memorandum examining provisions relating to defamation in the draft law, 'Criminal Offences against Honour and Reputation,' produced by a government working group and intended to replace the defamation provisions in the current Criminal Code. 30 Nov 2004 Memorandum analysing the defamation provisions in the Penal and Civil Codes for compliance with international standards. 30 Nov 2004 Memorandum analysing the proposed amendment to the Law on Television and Radio Broadcasting for compliance with international standards on freedom of expression. 30 Nov 2004 Memorandum on three draft media regulations of Iraq: Code for Media during Elections, Interim Broadcasting Code of Practice, and Interim Media Law. 15 Nov 2004 Memorandum on the new draft law, 'On Television and Radio Broadcasting,' prepared by the Belarussian Association of Journalists. 15 Nov 2004 Memorandum analysing Macedonia's draft 'Law on Free Access to Information' (2004). 31 Oct 2004 Memorandum analysing the existing Cambodian Law on the Press for compliance with international law and standards. 31 Oct 2004 Memorandum assessing the implementation of the Election Law during the 2004 presidential election campaign. 27 Oct 2004 Memorandum on Thailand's criminal and civil defamation provisions. 15 Oct 2004 Memorandum on the draft Act on Freedom of the Press scheduled for discussion in the Albanian parliament in October 2004. 1 Oct 2004 Memorandum analysing the Official Secrets Act 1972 against international standards on the right to freedom of expression. 30 Sep 2004 Memorandum on the consistency of defamation provisions in the criminal and civil codes and the Law on Radio and Television with international standards. 30 Sep 2004 Memorandum expressing grave concern about the effect of the 2004 Press and Printed Materials Act on freedom of expression. 21 Sep 2004 Memorandum on the Law on the Right to Information on Official Documents, adopted in 1999. 15 Sep 2004 Note on proposals to amend defamation provisions currently in force, as formulated by members of the legislature at the initiative of the Yeni Nesil Journalists’ Association. 15 Sep 2004 Note commenting on two proposals, one by Internews-Kazakhstan and one by Adil Soz, for legislative reform relating to mass media. 31 Aug 2004 Memorandum on defamation provisions in force in the Republic of Azerbaijan. 20 Aug 2004 Note on amendments to Law No. 8410 of 30 September 1998 on Public and Private Radio and Television. 4 Aug 2004 Memorandum analysing the current criminal and civil defamation provisions of the Criminal and Civil Codes for compliance with international standards. 31 Jul 2004 Memorandum on the Serbian draft Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance. 15 Jul 2004 Memorandum analysing the Law on Principles of and Guarantees for Freedom of Information (also available in Russian through our Russian publications page). 30 Jun 2004 Memorandum analysing the Law on Protection of State Secrets and its failure to mitigate concerns regarding the restrictions on freedom of expression and access to information. 30 Jun 2004 Briefing note analysing the draft proclamation drawn up in May 2004 and following on from analyses of two previous drafts issued in 2003. 30 Jun 2004 Memorandum analysing the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Mass Media, passed by the legislature in 1997 (also available in Russian through our Russian publications page). 29 Jun 2004 Commentary on Freedom of Expression in the Constitution of Paraguay. 15 Jun 2004 Commentary on a number of topics identified by the Chair of the Parliamentary Media Committee with respect to Albania's draft Law on the Print Media. 1 Jun 2004 Memorandum analysing the Access to Information Bill (Bill No. 7), as published by the Ugandan Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting in April 2004. 27 May 2004 Memorandum on the Law on Classified Information
of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. 15 May 2004 Memorandum analysing the European Investment Bank's public information policy for consistency with international and European standards on freedom of expression and access to information. 1 May 2004 Statement on the recently considered amendments to decriminalise defamation in the relevant provisions of the criminal and civil codes. 30 Apr 2004 Memorandum analysing the draft 'Access to Information Bill' against two key ARTICLE 19 publications, 'The People's Right to Know: Principles on Freedom of Information Legislation' and 'A Model Freedom of Information Law.' 31 Mar 2004 Memorandum analysing the most recent draft Law on freedom of information, as prepared by the joint government and civil society working group (March 2004). 31 Mar 2004 Note on the 'Principles of the Law of the Azerbaijani Republic on Defamation', drafted by the Yeni Nesil Journalists' Association. 31 Mar 2004 Memorandum on the Draft Law on Free Access to Information of
Montenegro. 15 Mar 2004 Memorandum on the the Ugandan draft Access to Information Bill, 2004. 15 Mar 2004 Letter to the Ministry of Justice explaining why it should not consider amendments to the existing Law on Freedom of Information that would restrict the freedom of information. 1 Mar 2004 Memorandum analysing the Working Paper on the Proposed Right to Information Act 2002, which was circulated for comment in 2002-2003. 1 Mar 2004 Note analysing Press Law No. 40 of 1999 in the context of proposals to prepare a new, separate press law for East Timor. 28 Feb 2004 Analysis of and recommendations for current media law, including rights and duties of occupying bodies, as it compares to international standards on freedom of expression and information. 28 Feb 2004 Memorandum analysing the second draft 'Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Mass Media' with regards to its compliance with international standards on freedom of expression. 28 Feb 2004 Memorandum analysing the draft Bill on Access to Sources of Information, prepared by an NGO coalition, against international standards. 28 Feb 2004 Memorandum analysing the draft Access to Public Information Law, prepared by members of the Freedom of Expression Forum in 2002. 28 Feb 2004 Note assessing the Information and Broadcasting Policy issued by the Office of the Prime Minister following consultation and stakeholder involvement. 28 Feb 2004 Memorandum assessing the draft law which seeks to rewrite the present law 'On Information' with the aim of developing a fully-fledged system of access to publicly held information. 28 Feb 2004 Memorandum analysing the draft law on the protection of personal data against international standards on freedom of expression and information. 28 Feb 2004 Memorandum analysing the criminal and civil defamation provisions contained in the Criminal and Civil Codes. 28 Feb 2004 Proposal formulated by ARTICLE 19 for a new defamation law for Georgia. 28 Feb 2004 Overview of pertinent international freedom of information standards that directly relate to defamation. 1 Feb 2004 Submission on the report of the Legal Advisory Group on Defamation 31 Jan 2004 Memorandum analysing the draft Public Information Act prepared by the Nepalese Law Reform Commission in 2003. 31 Jan 2004 Submission to Legal Affairs and Internal Market Committee European Parliament on the European Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II), with a focus on defamation. 31 Jan 2004 Memorandum analysing proposed changes and current version of law 'On the National Television and Radio Broadcasting Council of Ukraine,' as prepared by Ukrainian authorities. 31 Jan 2004 Submission to Sub-Committee E (Law and Institutions), House of Lords, on the European Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II), with a focus on defamation. 31 Jan 2004 Memorandum analysing the draft 'Law of Georgia on Freedom of Press and Speech' prepared by the Liberty Institute. 31 Jan 2004 Report to the Legal Advisory Group on Defamation on defamation law in Ireland. 15 Jan 2004 Comment on the Alternative Montenegrin Exceptions Proposal to the draft Law on Free Access to Information. 15 Dec 2003 Memorandum on the Malawi Communications Act of 1998, establishing the Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA) and providing for the reconstitution of the Malawi Establishment Broadcasting Corporation (MBC). 15 Dec 2003 Executive summmary to ARTICLE 19's analysis and recommendations on Iraq's media laws. 15 Dec 2003 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Freedom of Information, prepared by a working group consisting of both government and NGO representatives (English). 1 Dec 2003 Memorandum on the draft Law On Introducing Changes to the Law of Ukraine ‘On Information’. 15 Nov 2003 Memorandum analysing the draft Right to Information Bill circulated by the Ministry of Information for public comment. 1 Nov 2003 Memorandum analysing a version of the draft Law on the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Mass Media Law, prepared at the request of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media. 1 Nov 2003 Memorandum analysing the draft 'Law on Free Access to Information of a Public Character' (2003). 1 Nov 2003 Memorandum on Kosovo's “Draft Law on Access to Official Documents” 15 Oct 2003 Comments on Draft Philippine Freedom of Information Law. 15 Oct 2003 Comments on the draft Sri Lankan Freedom of Information Law. 15 Oct 2003 Letter analysing concerns held by ARTICLE 19 and others regarding the Bank's proposed Disclosure Policy. 1 Oct 2003 Letter with recommendations to increase transparency in the Policy on Confidentiality and Disclosure of Information. 1 Oct 2003 Briefing note exploring the proposed amendments to the 1968 Penal Code dealing with the unauthorised disclosure of State secrets, as translated by the Bulgarian Access to Information Programme. 1 Oct 2003 An updated briefing note on the amended Serbian draft Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance. 15 Sep 2003 Note on the draft Freedom of Information Rules for implementing the Pakistani Freedom of Information Ordiance. 15 Sep 2003 Memorandum analysing the draft Right to Access Information Act prepared by a group of NGOs which incorporates many of the recommendations set out in our April 2003 Note. 1 Sep 2003 Memorandum analysing the Media Council Bill, circulated by the Fijian Minister of Information for public comment. 1 Sep 2003 Memorandum analysing amendments to the 1998 Press and Communications Law and the 2002 Law on Press Cards, signed into law by the Constitutional Court of Togo on 25 September 2002 (also available in French through our French publications page). 31 Aug 2003 Memorandum on the Law of Mongolia on Freedom of Information. 15 Aug 2003 Submission on contempt of court in Sri Lanka: recommendations for codification. 15 Aug 2003 Memorandum analysing the draft Recommendation on the right of reply with regard to both on-line and off-line media content. 1 Aug 2003 Memorandum on the Serbian draft Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance. 15 Jul 2003 Memorandum on the Broadcasting Ordinance 1976 of the Solomon Islands. 15 Jul 2003 Memorandum analysing draft amendments to the Broadcasting Law governing radio and television broadcasts. 1 Jul 2003 Memorandum commenting on amendments to the libel provisions contained in the Criminal Code. 1 Jul 2003 Updated briefing note evaluating the revised Proclamation Concerning Press Freedom, here entitled the 1 Jun 2003 Memorandum on Moldova's Law on Combating Extremist Activity. 15 May 2003 Memorandum on Kosovo's Law of Broadcasting through the establishment of the Independent Media Commission. 15 May 2003 Memorandum commenting on the extent to which the legal framework for election coverage set forth in the Unified Election Code is in harmony with international standards on freedom of expression, as requested by the Liberty Institute. 1 May 2003 Statement on the draft Law of Ukraine on the Insertion of Changes to Certain Laws of Ukraine as a Result of the Parliamentary Hearings “Society, Mass Media, Authorities: Freedom of Expression and Censorship in Ukraine”. 15 Apr 2003 Memorandum on the Malaysian draft Media Council Act of 2002 and the Media Council (Procedure for Inquiry) Regulations. 15 Apr 2003 Note commenting on the draft Guidelines for election media coverage as prepared by the International Society for Fair Elections Democracy. 1 Apr 2003 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Radio and Television as compared with its predecessors at the request of the Association of Bulgarian Broadcasters. 1 Apr 2003 Note making recommendations for a joint statement, issued by the Croatian NGO movement, advocating for the introduction of legislation that will grant access to information. 1 Apr 2003 Memorandum on the Draft Law on Free Access to Information of
Montenegro. 15 Mar 2003 Memorandum on the Russian Federal Law “On Access to Information Concerning Activities of Government Departments and Local Self-
Government”. 15 Mar 2003 Review of the Inter-American Bank's Information Disclosure Policy. 15 Mar 2003 Memorandum examining two separate draft Broadcasting Laws prepared by the Liberty Institute and the Georgian National Communications Commission, both members of the Working Group on reform of Broadcasting Laws. 1 Mar 2003 Briefing note highlighting concerns with the draft Proclamation Concerning Press Freedom. 1 Mar 2003 Memorandum analysing the 2003 Draft Law on Free Access to Information. 1 Feb 2003 Note urging NGOs and other interested parties to resist endorsing the Hamelink Declaration, in large part due to its failure to recognize the established right of freedom of expression and to articulate the content of a "right to communicate". 1 Jan 2003 This note comments on amendments made to the draft law on freedom of information after its first reading. 1 Jan 2003 Memorandum on the draft Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on “Principles and Guarantees of Freedom of Information”. 15 Dec 2002 Memorandum focusing on broad principle-based recommendations to the 2002 draft Broadcasting Law produced by the Georgian Working Group. 1 Dec 2002 Comments on the draft Tanzanian Media Policy for discussion by stake holders. 15 Nov 2002 Memorandum on the Amendments to the Russian Federal Laws on Mass Media and Combating Terrorism. 15 Nov 2002 Memorandum on the Federal Government of Pakistan’s Freedom of Information Ordinance. 15 Nov 2002 This memorandum analyses the draft law establishing freedom of information. 1 Oct 2002 Memorandum analysing the "Thesis for Discussion on Law on Media", a concept paper intended to establish the basis for an actual media law. 1 Oct 2002 Memorandum analysing the 2001 revision of the 1999 Gambian National Media Commission Bill, which extends to both print and broadcast media. 1 Oct 2002 Memorandum on the Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance, 2002; the
Press, Newspapers, News Agencies and Books Registration
Ordinance, 2002; and the Defamation Ordinance, 2002. 15 Sep 2002 Declaration on promoting an independent and pluralistic media in Afghanistan. 1 Sep 2002 Memorandum on Montenegro's Act on Presentation of Submitters of Electoral Lists through Electronic and Printed Public media, State and Privately-owned, in the Period from Calling for Elections to Commencement of Electoral Silence. 15 Aug 2002 Memorandum commenting on the translated draft Law of Mass Media, intended to replace the 1991 Law on the Press and other Media Products. 1 Aug 2002 Comment analysing a Supreme Economic Court decision involving the private newspaper Narodnaya Volya, in which it upheld provisions protecting the president. 1 Aug 2002 Memorandum on the draft Act on Amendments to the Broadcasting Act of Poland. 15 Jul 2002 Explanatory memorandum on the Afghan Ministry of Information policy direction with regard to the reconstruction and development of media in Afghanistan. 1 Jul 2002 Memorandum on the Law on Public Broadcasting Services. 15 May 2002 Memorandum on the Law of Mongolia on Public Radio and Television 15 May 2002 Memorandum on the draft Broadcasting Law of the Republic of Serbia. 15 May 2002 Memorandum on the 'Pre-dictamen’ proposals to regulate the right to access to public information enshrined in the Peruvian Constitution. 15 May 2002 Memorandum analysing the Working Version of the Law on the Public Broadcasting System, expected to be signed into law by the UN High Representative. 1 May 2002 Memorandum analysing the legitimacy of extracts of the Belarussian Criminal Code on defamation and insult. 1 Mar 2002 Note on the draft Constitution of the Democratic Republic of East Timor of 9 February 2002, focusing on provisions affecting freedom of expression. 15 Feb 2002 Memorandum analysing proposed amendments to the Access to Public Information Act. 1 Feb 2002 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Access to Information and the Protection of Privacy at the request of Transparency International's Costa Rican branch. 1 Feb 2002 Memorandum on The Zimbabwean Access to Information and Privacy Bill as amended. 24 Jan 2002 Memorandum on the Zimbabwean Access to Information and Privacy Bill, legislation heavily regulating all aspects of media. 15 Jan 2002 Comments on the Law “On Mandatory Holding of Pre- Election Debates during Pre-Election Campaigning During Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine” as it applies to mandatory airing of debates by media. 13 Jan 2002 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on the Introduction of Amendments to the Mass Media Law, which would replace the 1995 Law on Mass Media. 1 Jan 2002 Comments on the draft broadcasting act of the Republic of Serbia. 20 Dec 2001 Memorandum on the Mexican draft Federal Act on Access to Public Information. 15 Nov 2001 Statement on the Election Commission Guidelines to the State and Private Media in Sri Lanka. 15 Nov 2001 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on the Protection of Classified Information prepared in anticipation of joining NATO. 1 Oct 2001 OSCE review of the legal framework for media coverage of elections in Kazakhstan. 15 Sep 2001 Report on the legal framework for media coverage of elections in Kazakhstan. 5 Sep 2001 Memorandum on the Editors Guild of Sri Lanka's Official Freedom of Information Act, 2001. 15 Aug 2001 Commentary on the draft Law on Freedom of Information of the Republic of Serbia. 2 Aug 2001 Review of the World Bank’s Policy on Information Disclosure requesting the establishment of an independent appellate body to hear refusals to disclose information. 20 Jul 2001 Note on the draft Regulation on Broadcasting in Timor Leste. 15 Jul 2001 Memorandum on the Romanian draft Law Regarding Access to Public Information. 15 May 2001 Memorandum discussing the factors pertaining to draft changes to licensing requirements which must be addressed to ensure conformity with international standards. 20 Apr 2001 Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns regarding the draft Press Law. 1 Mar 2001 Review of the World Bank’s Policy on Information Disclosure. 16 Feb 2001 Commentary on the 2000 version of the Television and Radio Broadcasting Law. 1 Feb 2001 Memorandum on India's Freedom of Information Bill of July 2000. 15 Dec 2000 Memorandum on the he Federal Government of Pakistan’s Ordinance to provide for transparency and freedom of information. 15 Sep 2000 Memorandum on the Romanian Law on Access to Information of Public Interest. 15 Aug 2000 Memorandum assessing the draft Law on Access to Public Information for compliance with international standards on freedom of expression and access to information. 1 Jul 2000 Memorandum on the draft Freedom of Information Act of the Slovak Republic. 15 May 2000 Memorandum analysing the 1999 Law on Mass Media, which established a regulatory and protective framework for both print and broadcast media. 1 Apr 2000 Memorandum on Moldova's draft Law on Access to Information. 15 Mar 2000 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Access to Public Information. 1 Nov 1999 Memorandum outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns with the draft Press Law designed to replace the 1966 Czechoslovak Press Law and its progeny. 1 Sep 1999 Open letter to Jordan's Parliament regarding its proposed Press and Publications Law. 13 Aug 1999 Memorandum on the Lithuanian draft law on the Right to Receive Information. 15 Jul 1999 Memorandum on the the 1995 Press Law of the Palestinian National
Authority. 15 Jun 1999 Memorandum on aspects of the Moldovan draft law on Freedom of Information. 15 May 1999 Memorandum analysing the draft Freedom of Information Bill 1998 and supporting its demonstrated commitment to open government, democracy, and human rights. 1 Jan 1999 An analysis outlining why the early introduction of freedom of information legislation is necessary and how such laws might be implemented in Malawi 15 Nov 1998 Memorandum analysing the draft Law on National Radio and Television with regard to freedom of expression, independence from state control, and media plurality. 1 Sep 1998 Memorandum submitted to the Parliamentary Commission for Mass Media on the draft Broadcasting Law. 1 Jun 1998 Memorandum analysing the restrictions on press freedom present in the proposed Organic Law on Information. 1 Jun 1998 Analysis of Macedonia's Decree Proclaiming the Law on Broadcasting Activity and the Proposal for an Enactment of the Law on Public Media. 15 Mar 1997 Comment analysing the Audiovisual Code of Moldova, which was adopted in 2006. This comment follows on an earlier analysis of the draft, which is also available for download on this site. | Jurisprudence The Virtual Freedom of Expression Handbook includes a database of hundreds of legal decisions. Our Legal Work Find out about ARTICLE 19's work to secure the legal framework for freedom of expression and access to information worldwide. |
| Copyright 2007 ARTICLE 19 |