This Comment summarises ARTICLE 19’s main observations on the document “Important Points for Social Communication Law” produced by the Legislation Committee for Social Communication (KOLKOS) of Timor Leste.

Comment on Proposed Amendments to the Law on Public Service Broadcasting of Montenegro

Comment on the Draft Media Legislation in Southern Sudan.

Report, entitled "The Mechanics of Censorship", analysing the print media legislation of the People's Republic of China against international standards on freedom of expression.

Joint submission from ARTICLE 19 and the Centre for Policy Alternatives to the Sri Lanka Ministry of Mass Media and Information on the proposed National Media Policy.

Memorandum examining the draft Thai Public Service Broadcasting Service Agency Act in the light of international standards.

Memorandum on a set of four draft laws for Sudan: a draft freedom of information law, a draft public service broadcasting law, a draft law setting up a broadcast regulator and a draft law to regulate the print media.

Comments on freedom of expression in Sudan, in the context of the consideration by the United Nations Human Rights Committee of the Third Periodic Report of Sudan on the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Memorandum on the draft Computer-Related Offences Commission Act currently being developed by the Thai authorities.

Analysis of the draft Media Services Bill of Tanzania 2007.

Note summarising ARTICLE 19's principal concerns with the Draft Broadcasting Bill of the Maldives.

Memorandum analysing the 1965 Broadcasting Authority Law against international standards on freedom of expression and public service broadcasting.

Legal analysis of Kazakhstan's draft 2006 Law 'On Publishing'.

Analysis of the draft Media Bill for the Cook Islands, proposed in November 2006.

Memorandum analysing Kazakhstan’s Law on Mass Media, as amended in July 2006.

This Submission sets out the observations and recommendations of the International Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression Mission to Nepal to the High Level Media Commission.

Submission analysing the proposed Fijian Broadcast Licensing Bill 2006, No. 10 of 2006 (the Bill), and providing recommendations for reform throughout.

Comments on the draft Code of Conduct for Georgian broadcasters, offering recommendations on how to improve the structure of the code and make it more user-friendly.

Memorandum on Malaysia's Press Council Bill of 2006.

Memorandum on the draft Communications Bill of Namibia, assessing the proposed legislation against international standards.

Summary of concerns with regard to proposed amendments to Kazakhstan's media laws.

Memorandum analysing the Maldives Freedom of Press Bill against international standards on freedom of expression.

Article by Toby Mendel, ARTICLE 19 Law Programme Director, and Dr. Ali Khashan on the legal framework for media in Palestine. This article was originally published in This Week in Palestine (www.thisweekinpalestine.com).

Memorandum analysing the legal framework regulating the media in Iran against international standards on freedom of expression.

Memorandum analysing the draft Audiovisual Code of Moldova, which seeks to regulate both private and public service broadcasting.

Draft Broadcasting Bill for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption.

Draft Media Policy Framework for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption.

Draft Media Policy Framework for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption.

Draft Public Service Broadcasting Bill for Southern Sudan presented by ARTICLE 19 in March 2006 to the southern Minister of Information, to be considered for adoption.

Submission to the Committee on the Review of Public Service Broadcasting in Hong Kong, recommending that Radio Television Hong Kong be reestablished as an independent broadcaster, governed by a board that represents the people of Hong Kong.

Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns at the proposal of a statutory media council in Kenya, as outlined in the Media Council of Kenya Bill.

Report proposing a media policy for Iraq.

Memorandum analysing the Audiovisual Media Law (Provisional Law No. 71, 2002).

Briefing on The Communications Bill (House of Lords Report Stage) Amendment to Preserve Media Plurality.

Comments on the draft Palestinian Law on National Council for Audiovisual.

Note commenting on proposed amendments to the Law on Mass Communication.

Comments on the Liberian draft 'Law and Policy Providing for the Establishment of the National Public Broadcasting Service'.

Memorandum on the Ordinance Amending Some of the NepalAct Relating to the Media, 2062 (2005).

Commentary on a set of regulations issued by Kazakhstan's Agency for Information and Communication regarding the allocation of .kz domain names.

Statement on Clause 1 of the draft Terrorism Bill of the United Kingdom

Note examining relations between courts and media in response to a discussion paper produced by a joint committee of media and judicial representatives.

Memorandum on Kyrgyz Mass Media Law and the Law on Journalists' Activities.

Memorandum analysing the draft 'Press and Publication Law' for the year 2004.

Memorandum on the draft Law on Public Service Broadcasting Organisations and a draft Law on Radio and Television in Latvia.

Memorandum on the draft Public Service Broadcasting Law for Ukraine.

Memorandum analysing two drafts of the Press and Publications Law (also available in Arabic through our Arabic publications page).

Memorandum analysing the draft Public Service Broadcasting Law received in December 2003.

Memorandum on the draft Law of Kyrgyzstan on Broadcasting

Brief note assessing the extent to which the imposition of licence requirements on the use of wireless communications devices is consistent with international human rights law.

Note incorporating comments on changes to the draft law, 'On Television and Radio Broadcasting,' and analyzing the current draft.

Memorandum analysing the proposed amendment to the Law on Television and Radio Broadcasting for compliance with international standards on freedom of expression.

Memorandum on three draft media regulations of Iraq: Code for Media during Elections, Interim Broadcasting Code of Practice, and Interim Media Law.

Memorandum on the new draft law, 'On Television and Radio Broadcasting,' prepared by the Belarussian Association of Journalists.

Memorandum expressing grave concern about the effect of the 2004 Press and Printed Materials Act on freedom of expression.

Note commenting on two proposals, one by Internews-Kazakhstan and one by Adil Soz, for legislative reform relating to mass media.

Briefing note analysing the draft proclamation drawn up in May 2004 and following on from analyses of two previous drafts issued in 2003.

Memorandum analysing the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Mass Media, passed by the legislature in 1997 (also available in Russian through our Russian publications page).

Memorandum assessing the Afghan Law on Mass Media.

Note analysing Press Law No. 40 of 1999 in the context of proposals to prepare a new, separate press law for East Timor.

Analysis of and recommendations for current media law, including rights and duties of occupying bodies, as it compares to international standards on freedom of expression and information.

Memorandum analysing the second draft 'Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Mass Media' with regards to its compliance with international standards on freedom of expression.

Note assessing the Information and Broadcasting Policy issued by the Office of the Prime Minister following consultation and stakeholder involvement.

Memorandum analysing proposed changes and current version of law 'On the National Television and Radio Broadcasting Council of Ukraine,' as prepared by Ukrainian authorities.

Memorandum analysing the draft 'Law of Georgia on Freedom of Press and Speech' prepared by the Liberty Institute.

Memorandum on the Malawi Communications Act of 1998, establishing the Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA) and providing for the reconstitution of the Malawi Establishment Broadcasting Corporation (MBC).

Executive summmary to ARTICLE 19's analysis and recommendations on Iraq's media laws.

Memorandum analysing the current draft Law on Mass Media.

Memorandum analysing a version of the draft Law on the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Mass Media Law, prepared at the request of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media.

Memorandum on the Abkhaz draft “Law on Mass Media.”

Memorandum on Kazakhstan's Draft Law "Concerning Mass Media".

Memorandum analysing the Media Council Bill, circulated by the Fijian Minister of Information for public comment.

Memorandum analysing amendments to the 1998 Press and Communications Law and the 2002 Law on Press Cards, signed into law by the Constitutional Court of Togo on 25 September 2002 (also available in French through our French publications page).

Memorandum on the draft Broadcasting Law of Macedonia.

Memorandum analysing the draft Recommendation on the right of reply with regard to both on-line and off-line media content.

Memorandum on the Broadcasting Ordinance 1976 of the Solomon Islands.

Memorandum analysing draft amendments to the Broadcasting Law governing radio and television broadcasts.

Updated briefing note evaluating the revised Proclamation Concerning Press Freedom, here entitled the

Memorandum on Kosovo's Law of Broadcasting through the establishment of the Independent Media Commission.

Memorandum on Moldova's draft "Law on Freedom of Press".

Statement on the draft Law of Ukraine on the Insertion of Changes to Certain Laws of Ukraine as a Result of the Parliamentary Hearings “Society, Mass Media, Authorities: Freedom of Expression and Censorship in Ukraine”.

Memorandum on the Malaysian draft Media Council Act of 2002 and the Media Council (Procedure for Inquiry) Regulations.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Radio and Television as compared with its predecessors at the request of the Association of Bulgarian Broadcasters.

Memorandum examining two separate draft Broadcasting Laws prepared by the Liberty Institute and the Georgian National Communications Commission, both members of the Working Group on reform of Broadcasting Laws.

Briefing note highlighting concerns with the draft Proclamation Concerning Press Freedom.

Memorandum on Russian Federal Draft Law "On Mass Media".

Memorandum on the proposed amendments to the Ukrainian Press Law.

Memorandum focusing on broad principle-based recommendations to the 2002 draft Broadcasting Law produced by the Georgian Working Group.

Comments on the draft Tanzanian Media Policy for discussion by stake holders.

Note on the draft law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Mass Media.

Memorandum on the laws of Tajikistan regulating mass media.

Memorandum on the Amendments to the Russian Federal Laws on Mass Media and Combating Terrorism.

Memorandum on Indonesia's draft broadcasting bill.

Memorandum analysing the "Thesis for Discussion on Law on Media", a concept paper intended to establish the basis for an actual media law.

Memorandum analysing the 2001 revision of the 1999 Gambian National Media Commission Bill, which extends to both print and broadcast media.

Memorandum on the Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance, 2002; the Press, Newspapers, News Agencies and Books Registration Ordinance, 2002; and the Defamation Ordinance, 2002.

Declaration on promoting an independent and pluralistic media in Afghanistan.

Memorandum analysing the Afghan Law of the Press (2002).

Memorandum on Montenegro's Act on Presentation of Submitters of Electoral Lists through Electronic and Printed Public media, State and Privately-owned, in the Period from Calling for Elections to Commencement of Electoral Silence.

Memorandum on Kazakhstan's draft Law on Advertising.

Memorandum commenting on the translated draft Law of Mass Media, intended to replace the 1991 Law on the Press and other Media Products.

Statement on re-broadcasting of foreign programmes in Ukraine.

Memorandum on the draft Act on Amendments to the Broadcasting Act of Poland.

Explanatory memorandum on the Afghan Ministry of Information policy direction with regard to the reconstruction and development of media in Afghanistan.

Memorandum on Kazakhstan's Laws Regulating Mass Media.

Memorandum on the Law on Public Broadcasting Services.

Memorandum on the Law of Mongolia on Public Radio and Television

Memorandum on the draft Broadcasting Law of the Republic of Serbia.

Memorandum analysing the Working Version of the Law on the Public Broadcasting System, expected to be signed into law by the UN High Representative.

Memorandum on The Zimbabwean Access to Information and Privacy Bill as amended.

Memorandum on the Zimbabwean Access to Information and Privacy Bill, legislation heavily regulating all aspects of media.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on the Introduction of Amendments to the Mass Media Law, which would replace the 1995 Law on Mass Media.

Comments on the draft broadcasting act of the Republic of Serbia.

Statement on the Election Commission Guidelines to the State and Private Media in Sri Lanka.

OSCE review of the legal framework for media coverage of elections in Kazakhstan.

Report on the legal framework for media coverage of elections in Kazakhstan.

Comments on the Bill on Broadcasting in Montenegro.

Memorandum on Russian Regional Media Regulations.

Note on the draft Regulation on Broadcasting in Timor Leste.

Memorandum discussing the factors pertaining to draft changes to licensing requirements which must be addressed to ensure conformity with international standards.

Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns regarding the draft Press Law.

Commentary on the 2000 version of the Television and Radio Broadcasting Law.

Memorandum on the draft Macedonian Law on Public Information.

Memorandum analysing the 1999 Law on Mass Media, which established a regulatory and protective framework for both print and broadcast media.

Memorandum outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns with the draft Press Law designed to replace the 1966 Czechoslovak Press Law and its progeny.

Memorandum on the draft Mass Media Law of the Slovak Republic.

Open letter to Jordan's Parliament regarding its proposed Press and Publications Law.

Memorandum on the the 1995 Press Law of the Palestinian National Authority.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on National Radio and Television with regard to freedom of expression, independence from state control, and media plurality.

Memorandum on Jordan's proposed 1998 Press and Publications Law.

Memorandum submitted to the Parliamentary Commission for Mass Media on the draft Broadcasting Law.

Memorandum analysing the restrictions on press freedom present in the proposed Organic Law on Information.

Report on the state of media freedom in Romania.

Analysis of Macedonia's Decree Proclaiming the Law on Broadcasting Activity and the Proposal for an Enactment of the Law on Public Media.

Comment analysing the Audiovisual Code of Moldova, which was adopted in 2006. This comment follows on an earlier analysis of the draft, which is also available for download on this site.