Memorandum on Moldova’s Draft Law on State Secrets.

Memorandum on the draft Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Publishing Activities”.

Comment on Proposed Amendments to the Law on Public Service Broadcasting of Montenegro

Comment on the Moldovan President’s proposal on moral damages for defamation.

Joint breifing note outlining the seven main outstanding concerns with the draft European Convention on Access to Official Documents.

Statement on the draft Act on Periodic Press and Agency News Service and the Amendment and the extent to which it meets international standards on freedom of expression.

Memorandum on the Draft Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Defamation against international standards.

Response by ARTICLE 19 to the European Union's Green Paper on the review of Regulation 1049/2001, on public access to documents.

Second briefing by ARTICLE 19 and two other NGOs with observer status on the Council of Europe's Group of Specialists on Access to Official Documents, containing recommendations and comparative background material for the drafting of a treaty in the area of access to information.

Submission to the UK Department for Constitutional Affairs (now the Ministry of Justice) in response to the consultation on the Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007.

Note discussing the need for a new mechanism to ensure respect for the right to freedom of expression, as guaranteed under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and providing suggestions on potential working methods and the relationship with existing mechanisms.

Memorandum providing ARTICLE 19’s main comments and recommendations on the draft Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro (draft Constitution), inasmuch as it affects the right to freedom of expression and information.

Submission to the UK Department for Constitutional Affairs in response to the consultation on the Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007.

Submission to the UK Constitutional Affairs Committee on the Draft Freedom of Information and Data Protection (Appropriate Limit and Fees) Regulations 2007.

Briefing Note by the Global Transparency Initiative which sets out the views of the Global Transparency Initiative (GTI) on the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Public Information Policy.

Briefing by ARTICLE 19 and two other NGOs with observer status on the Council of Europe's Group of Specialists on Access to Official Documents, containing recommendations and comparative background material for the drafting of a treaty in the area of access to information.

Memorandum on the draft Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Defamation, which seeks to decriminalise defamation and further bring Azeri law into line with international standards.

Memorandum analysing the Irish draft Defamation and Privacy Bills against international standards.

Statement of Support for a set of regulations drafted by Armenia's FOI Center to implement the Freedom of Information Law.

Memorandum on the draft law of Abkhazia on the right of access to information, prepared under the leadership of a group of Abkhazian NGOs.

Comments on the draft Code of Conduct for Georgian broadcasters, offering recommendations on how to improve the structure of the code and make it more user-friendly.

Recommendations on Moldova’s draft law to promote participation and transparency in the decision making of public authorities.

Evidence given by ARTICLE 19 to the ICJ Eminent Jurists Panel on freedom of expression and UK anti-terror law and practice.

Memorandum analysing the draft Audiovisual Code of Moldova, which seeks to regulate both private and public service broadcasting.

Memorandum on the draft Law of Montengro on Archives.

Submission to the 2006 review of the definition of terrorism in UK law.

Concise overview outlining twelve main concerns with respect to the December 2005 proposal for the 'Law on Free Access to Information of a Public Character.'

Briefing on The Communications Bill (House of Lords Report Stage) Amendment to Preserve Media Plurality.

Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns with Clause 1 of the United Kingdom's Terrorism Bill, 'Encouragement of Terrorism.'

Support for a proposal to abolish a criminal defamation provision that protects public officials put forth by a coalition of non-government organisations.

Memorandum analysing the Bank's Public Disclosure Policy (Draft II) for consistency with international and European standards regarding freedom of expression and the related right to information.

Note commenting on proposed amendments to the Law on Mass Communication.

Statement on clause 1 of the draft Terrorism Bill of the United Kingdom.

Note on Kosovo's draft Law on Protection from Defamation and Insult of Kosovo.

Statement that focuses on constitutional amendments relating to censhorship and the freedom of expression.

Response to Home Office consultation on exclusion or deportation from the UK on non-conducive grounds.

Memorandum on the draft Law on Public Service Broadcasting Organisations and a draft Law on Radio and Television in Latvia.

Memorandum on the draft Public Service Broadcasting Law for Ukraine.

Memorandum analysing the draft Public Service Broadcasting Law received in December 2003.

Note on the Global Transparency Initiative's call on the European Investment Bank to bring its new information disclosure policy in line with international standards and best practice.

Recommendations urged to bring the current draft law on free access to information into compliance with comparative standards and best international practice.

Comments on the talking points and suggestions drawn up by the OSCE Mission to Montenegro and Council of Europe after a roundtable on the freedom of information law.

Note focusing on the proposed changes to the management structure of RTV Slovenia and related issues.

Recommended amendments to the draft 'Law on Free Access to Public Information' (2005).

Guide providing commentary on the recently enacted 'Law of Georgia on Freedom of Speech and Expression.'

Memorandum suggesting the inclusion of key principles of the general right to freedom of information in the official draft Law on Obtaining Information.

Note critiquing the most recent draft law on free access to information with regard to its representing a significant step backward from previous drafts (March 2005).

Memorandum analysing the revised draft “Law on the Independent Media Commission and Broadcasting.”

Statement outlining concerns in relation to the legal provisions for the coverage of the 6 March 2005 parliamentary elections.

Note incorporating comments on changes to the draft law, 'On Television and Radio Broadcasting,' and analyzing the current draft.

Memorandum examining provisions relating to defamation in the draft law, 'Criminal Offences against Honour and Reputation,' produced by a government working group and intended to replace the defamation provisions in the current Criminal Code.

Memorandum analysing the proposed amendment to the Law on Television and Radio Broadcasting for compliance with international standards on freedom of expression.

Memorandum on the new draft law, 'On Television and Radio Broadcasting,' prepared by the Belarussian Association of Journalists.

Memorandum analysing Macedonia's draft 'Law on Free Access to Information' (2004).

Memorandum assessing the implementation of the Election Law during the 2004 presidential election campaign.

Memorandum on the draft Act on Freedom of the Press scheduled for discussion in the Albanian parliament in October 2004.

Memorandum on the consistency of defamation provisions in the criminal and civil codes and the Law on Radio and Television with international standards.

Memorandum on the Law on the Right to Information on Official Documents, adopted in 1999.

Note on proposals to amend defamation provisions currently in force, as formulated by members of the legislature at the initiative of the Yeni Nesil Journalists’ Association.

Memorandum on defamation provisions in force in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Note on amendments to Law No. 8410 of 30 September 1998 on Public and Private Radio and Television.

Memorandum on the Serbian draft Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance.

Commentary on a number of topics identified by the Chair of the Parliamentary Media Committee with respect to Albania's draft Law on the Print Media.

Memorandum on the Law on Classified Information of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

Memorandum analysing the European Investment Bank's public information policy for consistency with international and European standards on freedom of expression and access to information.

Statement on the recently considered amendments to decriminalise defamation in the relevant provisions of the criminal and civil codes.

Memorandum on the Romanian Law on Classified Information.

Memorandum analysing the most recent draft Law on freedom of information, as prepared by the joint government and civil society working group (March 2004).

Note on the 'Principles of the Law of the Azerbaijani Republic on Defamation', drafted by the Yeni Nesil Journalists' Association.

Memorandum on the Draft Law on Free Access to Information of Montenegro.

Letter to the Ministry of Justice explaining why it should not consider amendments to the existing Law on Freedom of Information that would restrict the freedom of information.

Memorandum assessing the draft law which seeks to rewrite the present law 'On Information' with the aim of developing a fully-fledged system of access to publicly held information.

Memorandum analysing the draft law on the protection of personal data against international standards on freedom of expression and information.

Memorandum analysing the criminal and civil defamation provisions contained in the Criminal and Civil Codes.

Proposal formulated by ARTICLE 19 for a new defamation law for Georgia.

Submission on the report of the Legal Advisory Group on Defamation

Submission to Legal Affairs and Internal Market Committee European Parliament on the European Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II), with a focus on defamation.

Memorandum analysing proposed changes and current version of law 'On the National Television and Radio Broadcasting Council of Ukraine,' as prepared by Ukrainian authorities.

Submission to Sub-Committee E (Law and Institutions), House of Lords, on the European Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and the Council on Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations (Rome II), with a focus on defamation.

Memorandum analysing the draft 'Law of Georgia on Freedom of Press and Speech' prepared by the Liberty Institute.

Report to the Legal Advisory Group on Defamation on defamation law in Ireland.

Comment on the Alternative Montenegrin Exceptions Proposal to the draft Law on Free Access to Information.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Freedom of Information, prepared by a working group consisting of both government and NGO representatives (English).

Memorandum on the draft Law On Introducing Changes to the Law of Ukraine ‘On Information’.

Memorandum analysing the current draft Law on Mass Media.

Memorandum analysing a version of the draft Law on the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Mass Media Law, prepared at the request of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media.

Memorandum analysing the draft 'Law on Free Access to Information of a Public Character' (2003).

Memorandum on Kosovo's “Draft Law on Access to Official Documents”

Memorandum on the Abkhaz draft “Law on Mass Media.”

Briefing note exploring the proposed amendments to the 1968 Penal Code dealing with the unauthorised disclosure of State secrets, as translated by the Bulgarian Access to Information Programme.

An updated briefing note on the amended Serbian draft Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance.

Memorandum analysing the draft Right to Access Information Act prepared by a group of NGOs which incorporates many of the recommendations set out in our April 2003 Note.

Memorandum on the draft Broadcasting Law of Macedonia.

Memorandum analysing the draft Recommendation on the right of reply with regard to both on-line and off-line media content.

Memorandum on the Serbian draft Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance.

Memorandum analysing draft amendments to the Broadcasting Law governing radio and television broadcasts.

Memorandum commenting on amendments to the libel provisions contained in the Criminal Code.

Memorandum on Moldova's Law on Combating Extremist Activity.

Memorandum on Kosovo's Law of Broadcasting through the establishment of the Independent Media Commission.

Memorandum commenting on the extent to which the legal framework for election coverage set forth in the Unified Election Code is in harmony with international standards on freedom of expression, as requested by the Liberty Institute.

Memorandum on Moldova's draft "Law on Freedom of Press".

Statement on the draft Law of Ukraine on the Insertion of Changes to Certain Laws of Ukraine as a Result of the Parliamentary Hearings “Society, Mass Media, Authorities: Freedom of Expression and Censorship in Ukraine”.

Note commenting on the draft Guidelines for election media coverage as prepared by the International Society for Fair Elections Democracy.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Radio and Television as compared with its predecessors at the request of the Association of Bulgarian Broadcasters.

Note making recommendations for a joint statement, issued by the Croatian NGO movement, advocating for the introduction of legislation that will grant access to information.

Memorandum on the Draft Law on Free Access to Information of Montenegro.

Memorandum on the Russian Federal Law “On Access to Information Concerning Activities of Government Departments and Local Self- Government”.

Memorandum examining two separate draft Broadcasting Laws prepared by the Liberty Institute and the Georgian National Communications Commission, both members of the Working Group on reform of Broadcasting Laws.

Memorandum on the proposed amendments to the Ukrainian Press Law.

This note comments on amendments made to the draft law on freedom of information after its first reading.

Memorandum focusing on broad principle-based recommendations to the 2002 draft Broadcasting Law produced by the Georgian Working Group.

This memorandum analyses the draft law establishing freedom of information.

Memorandum analysing the "Thesis for Discussion on Law on Media", a concept paper intended to establish the basis for an actual media law.

Memorandum on Montenegro's Act on Presentation of Submitters of Electoral Lists through Electronic and Printed Public media, State and Privately-owned, in the Period from Calling for Elections to Commencement of Electoral Silence.

Memorandum commenting on the translated draft Law of Mass Media, intended to replace the 1991 Law on the Press and other Media Products.

Comment analysing a Supreme Economic Court decision involving the private newspaper Narodnaya Volya, in which it upheld provisions protecting the president.

Statement on re-broadcasting of foreign programmes in Ukraine.

Memorandum on the draft Act on Amendments to the Broadcasting Act of Poland.

Statement analysing the libel case of journalist Atia Kassabova.

Memorandum on the Law on Public Broadcasting Services.

Memorandum on the draft Broadcasting Law of the Republic of Serbia.

Memorandum analysing the Working Version of the Law on the Public Broadcasting System, expected to be signed into law by the UN High Representative.

Memorandum analysing the legitimacy of extracts of the Belarussian Criminal Code on defamation and insult.

Memorandum analysing proposed amendments to the Access to Public Information Act.

Comments on the Law “On Mandatory Holding of Pre- Election Debates during Pre-Election Campaigning During Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine” as it applies to mandatory airing of debates by media.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on the Introduction of Amendments to the Mass Media Law, which would replace the 1995 Law on Mass Media.

Comments on the draft broadcasting act of the Republic of Serbia.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on the Protection of Classified Information prepared in anticipation of joining NATO.

Comments on the Bill on Broadcasting in Montenegro.

Commentary on the draft Law on Freedom of Information of the Republic of Serbia.

Memorandum on the Romanian draft Law Regarding Access to Public Information.

Memorandum discussing the factors pertaining to draft changes to licensing requirements which must be addressed to ensure conformity with international standards.

Statement outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns regarding the draft Press Law.

Commentary on the 2000 version of the Television and Radio Broadcasting Law.

Memorandum on the Romanian Law on Access to Information of Public Interest.

Memorandum on the draft Freedom of Information Act of the Slovak Republic.

Memorandum on the draft Macedonian Law on Public Information.

Memorandum analysing the 1999 Law on Mass Media, which established a regulatory and protective framework for both print and broadcast media.

Memorandum on Moldova's draft Law on Access to Information.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on Access to Public Information.

Memorandum outlining ARTICLE 19's concerns with the draft Press Law designed to replace the 1966 Czechoslovak Press Law and its progeny.

Memorandum on the draft Mass Media Law of the Slovak Republic.

Memorandum on the Lithuanian draft law on the Right to Receive Information.

Memorandum on aspects of the Moldovan draft law on Freedom of Information.

Memorandum on the Republic of Serbia Public Information Law.

Memorandum analysing the draft Law on National Radio and Television with regard to freedom of expression, independence from state control, and media plurality.

Memorandum submitted to the Parliamentary Commission for Mass Media on the draft Broadcasting Law.

Report on the state of media freedom in Romania.

Analysis of Macedonia's Decree Proclaiming the Law on Broadcasting Activity and the Proposal for an Enactment of the Law on Public Media.

Comment analysing the Audiovisual Code of Moldova, which was adopted in 2006. This comment follows on an earlier analysis of the draft, which is also available for download on this site.